Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita (Usia 0-59 Bulan) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Klungkung I

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Stunting adalah salah satu permasalahan gizi yang terus terjadi di Indonesia sehingga memerlukan perhatian khusus guna mengurangi angka kejadiannya. Laporan Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) mencatat, pada tahun 2021 sebanyak 24,4% balita Indonesia mengalami stunting. World Health Organization (WHO) menjelaskan, bahwa stunting akan berdampak ke pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Tujuan : Mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Stunting pada Balita (Usia 0-59 Bulan) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Klungkung I. Metode  : Penelitian dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Klungkung I, Desa Kamasan, Kecamatan Gelgel, Kabupaten Klungkung, Provinsi Bali pada tanggal 30 Oktober – 2 November 2023. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling. Data penelitian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan analisis Chi-square. Hasil : Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat 75 balita (75%) mengalami stunting dan sebanyak 25 balita (25%) tidak mengalami stunting. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara berat badan lahir (p-value = 0.477 ; CI = 0,360-8,684), panjang badan lahir (p-value = 0.907 ; CI = 0,380-2,359) dan tinggi badan ibu (p-value = 1,000 ; CI = 0,291-3,437) terhadap kejadian stunting. Sedangkan terdapat hubungan antara sosial ekonomi (p-value < 0,000 ; CI = 6,401-136,507), ASI-Eksklusif (p-value < 0,000 ; CI = 2,257-7,540), MP-ASI (p-value < 0,000 ; CI = 11,109-705,048), riwayat imunisasi (p-value = 0,020 ; CI = 1,231-1,614) dan riwayat infeksi (p-value = 0,001 ; CI = 0,008-0,515) terhadap kejadian stunting. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sosial ekonomi, ASI Eksklusif, MP-ASI, riwayat  imunisasi, dan riwayat infeksi terhadap kejadian stunting. Bagi instansi kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pemantauan secara rutin terhadap pemberian vaksinasi, ASI Eksklusif dan MP-ASI serta meningkatkan pelatihan terhadap kader desa untuk mencegah terjadinya stunting.

Abstract

Background: Stunting is an ongoing nutritional issue in Indonesia that requires special attention to reduce its prevalence. The Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI) report notes that in 2021, 24.4% of Indonesian toddlers experienced stunting. The World Health Organization (WHO) explains that stunting affects the growth and development of children. Objective: To identify factors related to stunting incidence in toddlers (aged 0-59 months) in the working area of Klungkung I Health Center.

Method: The research was conducted in the working area of Klungkung I Community Health Center, Kamasan Village, Gelgel Subdistrict, Klungkung Regency, Bali Province, from October 30 to November 2, 2023. Cluster random sampling was used as technique to gather the sample. Research data were analyzed through univariate and bivariate analysis and also using Chi-square analysis. Results: The study found that 75 toddlers (75%) experienced stunting, while 25 toddlers (25%) did not. Bivariate analysis results show no significant relationship between birth weight (p-value = 0.477; CI = 0.360-8.684), birth length (p-value = 0.907; CI = 0.380-2.359), and maternal height (p-value = 1.000; CI = 0.291-3.437) with stunting incidence. However, there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status (p-value < 0.000; CI = 6.401-136.507), exclusive breastfeeding (p-value < 0.000; CI = 2.257-7.540), complementary feeding (p-value < 0.000; CI = 11.109-705.048), immunization history (p-value = 0.020; CI = 1.231-1.614), and infection history (p-value = 0.001; CI = 0.008-0.515) with stunting incidence.

Conclusion: There is a significant association between socioeconomic status, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, immunization history, and infection history with stunting incidence. Health institutions can enhance regular monitoring of vaccination, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding, as well as provide training to village health cadres to prevent stunting.